Pharma Blog
Types of Drug Antagonism
The several types of antagonism can be classified as follows: Chemical Antagonism Chemical antagonism involves a direct chemical interaction between the agonist and antagonist in such a way as to render the agonist pharmacologically inactive. A good example is the use of chelating agents to assist in the biological inactivation ... Read More
Factors Affecting Rate of Gastrointestinal Absorption
In addition to the lipid–water partition coefficient of drugs, local blood flow, and intestinal surface area, other factors may affect absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric Emptying Time The rate of gastric emptying markedly influences the rate at which drugs are absorbed, whether they are acids, bases, or neutral substances. ... Read More
Absorption of Drugs from Alimentary Tract
Oral Cavity and Sublingual Absorption In contrast to absorption from the stomach and intestine, drugs absorbed from the oral cavity enter the general circulation directly. Although the surface area of the oral cavity is small, absorption can be rapid if the drug has a high lipid–water partition coefficient and therefore ... Read More
Types of Drug Receptor Binding
Biological receptors are capable of combining with drugs in a number of ways, and the forces that attract the drug to its receptor must be sufficiently strong and long-lasting to permit the initiation of the sequence of events that ends with the biological response. Those forces are chemical bonds, and ... Read More
Prednisolone | Drug Digest
Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, which works by mimicking the effects of cortisol, a naturally occurring hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It acts on the glucocorticoid receptor, affecting various cellular processes, including: Reducing inflammation by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Suppressing the immune ... Read More
VagiSense | A Non-Prescription Vaginal Infection Screening Test
According to a study, about 66% of women who self-diagnosed a vaginal yeast infection were wrong. VagiSense® is a non-prescription home vaginal infection screening test that helps identify if vaginal symptoms are more likely caused by a bacterial or parasitic infection to know what steps to take next. It’s a ... Read More
Verification of OOS Results | EDQM Guidelines
VERIFICATION OF INITIAL OUT-OF-SPECIFICATION RESULTS SCOPE The objective of this Annex is to describe the steps to follow for the management of out-of-specification (OOS) testing results. The failure investigation may also be triggered if validation criteria defined by the method or laboratory are not met, including out-of-trend (OOT) results. To ... Read More
Pulmonary Embolism | A Life-Threatening Condition
As a professional pharmacist, it’s critical to shed light on Pulmonary Embolism (PE), a serious condition that can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. What is Pulmonary Embolism? PE occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs, blocking one or more pulmonary arteries. This blockage can severely impair lung ... Read More
Difference Among Assay on As is Basis, on Dried Basis and on Anhydrous Basis
A. Assay on an As is basis refers to the measurement of the content of a substance in its original state, without any removal of water or other volatile components. This type of assay is used when the presence of water or other volatile components does not affect the accuracy ... Read More
A Comprehensive Comparison between ANDA (Generics) and Biosimilars
Composition ANDA (Generics): Biosimilars: Approval Process ANDA (Generics): Biosimilars: Manufacturing Challenges ANDA (Generics): Biosimilars: Regulation ANDA (Generics): Biosimilars: Market ANDA (Generics): Biosimilars: Analytical Validation ANDA (Generics): Biosimilars: Process Validation ANDA (Generics): Biosimilars: Supply Chain ANDA (Generics): Biosimilars: Read also:
Basics of Tablet Tooling
Tooling can be defined as tools to craft a particular shape. Tableting tools i.e., Punches and dies are essential tools to shape any granules into a solid dosage form by applying compaction force in a compression machine. Any shape be it round, oblong or bullet shape or any special shape ... Read More