Pharma Blog
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
Its importance in manufacturing, its components, and how it can be used to enhance production processes. The Importance of OEE OEE is a crucial metric for measuring the performance of a manufacturing process. Evaluating a production line’s overall efficiency provides actionable insights that can help companies identify bottlenecks, reduce waste, ... Read More
A List of Software for NMR Data Analysis
Several software tools are commonly used for the analysis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data in organic chemistry. Popular Software for NMR Data Analysis 1. MestReNova (Mnova): A comprehensive NMR data processing and analysis software that supports various types of NMR data. 2. TopSpin: Developed by Bruker, TopSpin is a ... Read More
Synaptic Transmitters | Rapidly Acting and Slowly Acting
There are more than 50 chemical substances have been proved or postulated to function as synaptic transmitters. Many of them are listed in below, which give two groups of synaptic transmitters. One group comprises small-molecule, rapidly acting transmitters. The other is made up of a large number of neuropeptides of ... Read More
Statistics in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Quality
A common question in the pharmaceutical industry is, what is the role of the statistician in pharmaceutical manufacturing and quality. Here I am giving a few ideas and will discuss them all in more detail later step by step: 1. Statistical Sampling Plans Tool: Acceptance Sampling Plans (e.g., ANSI/ASQ Z1.4, ... Read More
Coloring Agents in Pharmaceutical Industry
Coloring agents are used mainly to impart an elegant appearance, identification and protection to: Color Index Number (C.I. No.) is the identifier number of color “dye” or “lake”. Example Dyes vs Lakes Regulations 3 main sources to set specification of dyes Common Tests of Dyes Common Tests of Lakes Same ... Read More
Basics of Synaptic Transmission
Synaptic transmission is a key process whereby presynaptic neurotransmitter release drives electrical and biochemical signals via opening of postsynaptic channels. 7 Steps of Synaptic Transmission Step 1: An action potential arrives at the axon terminal Step 2: Membrane depolarization from action potential causes influx of calcium ions Step 3: Docking ... Read More
Basics of Control Chart in Pharmaceutical Industry
Control Charts is a statistical tool to determine if a process is in control. Types of Control Charts Variable Control Charts Deal with items that can be measured. For examples:1) Weight2) Height3) Speed4) Volume Types of Variable Control Charts Attribute Control Charts Control charts that factor in the quality attributes ... Read More
Humoral Control of the Circulation
Humoral control of the circulation means control by substances secreted or absorbed into the body fluids- such as hormones and locally produced factors. Among the most important of the humoral factors that affect circulatory function are the following: Vasoconstrictor Agents Norepinephrine and Epinephrine: Norepinephrine is an especially powerful vasoconstrictor hormone; ... Read More
Diabetes and Heart Failure | Improving Awareness
Adults with diabetes are at increased risk for the development of asymptomatic cardiac structural or functional abnormalities (stage B heart failure) or symptomatic (stage C) heart failure. Consider screening adults with diabetes by measuring a natriuretic peptide (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] or N-terminal pro-BNP [NT-proBNP]) to facilitate prevention of stage ... Read More
Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination (SPLE) Syllabus
The Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination is a comprehensive measure of knowledge in four major pharmacy content areas: 1. Basic Biomedical Sciences 1.1 Physiology 1.1.1 Function of the major body systems and homeostatic impact at organ and system level 1.2 Biochemistry 1.2.1 Chemistry and utilization of bio-macromolecules including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ... Read More
KAPS Exam Syllabus
The KAPS exam consists of 200 questions delivered over two 2-hour sessions (a total of 4 hours of assessment) with a 60-minute scheduled break in between. Major Content Area with Approximate Distribution per Content Area The KAPS exam consists of 2 papers: Paper 1 Paper 2 Note: To pass the ... Read More