DNA Extraction Process

DNA extraction is more than just a lab technique; it’s a process rooted in biochemistry and molecular biology principles.

1. DNA extraction

A process of isolating DNA from cells or tissues to study its structure, sequence, or function. This process involves breaking open cells, separating DNA from other cellular components, and purifying it for analysis.

2. Steps of DNA Extraction:

Step 1: Cell Lysis (Breaking the Cells)

Cells are surrounded by membranes made of lipids and proteins. Detergents or enzymes (like Proteinase K) disrupt the membranes, releasing DNA and other cell contents.

Step 2: Removal of Proteins and Contaminants

Once the cell is lysed, the DNA is mixed with other molecules like proteins, RNA, and lipids. Chemicals like phenol, salts, or specialized buffers precipitate or degrade unwanted materials.

Step 3: DNA Purification

The DNA is washed to remove residual contaminants. Purification steps often use alcohol washes or binding DNA to silica membranes.

Step 4: DNA Precipitation

DNA is soluble in water but not in alcohol. Adding ethanol or isopropanol causes the DNA to clump together and become visible as a white precipitate.

3. Applications of DNA Extraction