Pharmaceutical Disintegrants and It’s Mechanism of Action

Croscarmellose Sodium(CCS)

  • Role: Improves tablet hardness while ensuring rapid disintegration.
  • How It Works: Forms a microscopic network during compression to reinforce tablet structure.
  • Benefit: Fewer cracked tablets during high-speed production, especially for sensitive API .

Crospovidone

  • Role: Acts as a disintegrant while maintaining tablet stability.
  • How It Works: Absorbs ambient moisture to protect hygroscopic drugs, such as amoxicillin, from clumping.
  • Benefit: Enhanced drug stability and reduced need for specialized humidity-controlled packaging.

Sodium Starch Glycolate

  • Role: Enhances the dissolution of tablets.
  • How It Works: Creates a localized alkaline environment that speeds up the breakdown of acidic drugs like ibuprofen.
  • Benefit: Optimized release profiles and improved integration in enteric coatings.

Microcrystalline Cellulose(MCC)

  • Role: Improves solubility and powder flow during direct compression.
  • How It Works: Enhances the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs (e.g., griseofulvin)and smooths manufacturing processes.
  • Benefit: More consistent production with fewer processing interruptions.

Pre-Gelatinized Starch

  • Role: Serves as both a binder and a disintegrant.
  • How It Works: Reduces the need for extra binders in formulations such as paracetamol granules.
  • Benefit: Streamlined formulation and shorter R&D timelines.

Low-Substituted Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (L-HPC)

  • Role: Functions as a disintegrant and binder.
  • Porosity Enhancement: Its fibrous structure increases tablet porosity for faster dissolution.
  • Granulation Aid: Improves cohesiveness of granules in wet granulation.
  • Benefit: Facilitates rapid tablet breakdown and contributes to efficient granulation.

Ion Exchange Resins (e.g., Polacrilin Potassium)

  • Role: Swell in ionic solutions.
  • Taste Masking: Binds bitter drugs through ionic interactions to improve palatability.
  • Controlled Release: Modulates drug release through ion-exchange mechanisms.
  • Benefit: Enhanced patient compliance with improved taste and controlled release profiles.


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