Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and is a leading cause of disability among older adults. The knees, hips, and hands are the most commonly affected by osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by pathology involving the whole joint, including cartilage degradation, bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, and synovial inflammation, leading to pain, stiffness,…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of chronic lung diseases that block air flow in lungs, such as chronic bronchitis. Symptoms of COPD Diagnosis of COPD Patients who are older than 40 years of age and who are current or ex-smokers should undertake spirometry if they answer yes to any one of the…
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) in human body. This results from lack of insulin in the body or failure of body cells to respond to circulating insulin. Persistent hyperglycemia results in progressive multiple organ damage giving rise to both acute and chronic complications. The Classification of Diabetes…
The American Medical Association (AMA) designated obesity as a chronic disease and the World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2. It is associated with numerous health factors – diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, sleep disorder, high cholesterol, and other chronic health conditions. The American College of Cardiology (ACC)…
Asthma is one of the most common chronic disease. In which the reversible airways obstruction and bronchospasm occur and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing problem and trigger coughing. This is a globally significant non-communicable disease with major public health consequences for both children and adults, including high morbidity and mortality in severe…
Prediabetes is a health condition where the blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough yet to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. It is an intermediate stage between normal glucose regulation and diabetes, affects 1 in 3 adults in the US and approximately 720 million individuals worldwide. There are no clear…