How to Set Impurity Limits in Drug Products

Step-1: Classify the peak by origin

  • Metabolite +Degradation ptoduct (e.g.: Related compound A)
  • Formulation interaction product (e.g., lactose/ glucose/ galactose adducts)
  • Unknown degradant
  • Process impurity
  • Artefact (sample preparation, diluent, filter, vial, handling etc.)

Step-2: Map the dominant formation pathway and whether it’s avoidable

Amlodipine besylate tablets example:

  • Degradation pathway: Related compound A is a photostability driven oxidative degradant. So, limit must reflect realistic formation under light exposure.
  • Drug-excipient interaction: lactose/ glucose/ galactose adducts from via Millard-type pathway. They are formulation dependent and may be irrelevant if your formulation removes the trigger.

Step-3: Apply the correct regulatory ruleset + exposure thresholds

  • Use ICH Q3B thresholds based on maximum daily dose.
  • Add special logic where relevant:
    • Metabolite context
    • GTIs/ structural alerts
    • Compendial expectations (if claiming compliance)

Step-4: Convert limits into analytical requirements

  • Specificity + resolution, with orthogonal confirmation when risk is high.
  • Sensitivity
  • Reporting format/ decimal/ rounding rules (e.g., critical when spec if NMT 0.20% and ICH reporting threshold is 0.1%)

Step-5: Link each limit to control level (control strategy)

  • Process parameters
  • Excipient selection, specs
  • Packaging
  • Stability data and trending


Related: Pharmaceutical Impurities Calculator


Resource Person: Pearl Pereira Nambiar

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