Optimizing Particle Size Distribution (PSD) for Tablet Formulations

Particle Size Distribution (PSD) is a key factor that influences tablet performance, especially when it comes to “disintegration” and “dissolution rates”.

Here’s how PSD optimization can benefit different types of formulations:

Immediate-Release Tablets

A finer PSD (smaller particle size) helps achieve faster dissolution and quicker disintegration, as smaller particles provide a larger surface area for interaction with fluids.
This is crucial for drugs that need to act quickly, but care must be taken to balance PSD to avoid processing issues like poor flowability.

Controlled-Release Tablets

A coarser PSD (larger particles) is typically used to slow down dissolution and prolong the drug release. Larger particles reduce surface area, allowing for a more gradual and sustained release of the active ingredient.
This is ideal for formulations designed to release the drug over time, providing extended therapeutic effects.

Poorly Soluble Drugs

For drugs with poor solubility, a fine PSD significantly improves dissolution rates by increasing surface area, helping to enhance bioavailability. Techniques like micronization are often used to achieve the desired particle size.

Direct Compression Tablets

A balanced PSD is critical for direct compression, where powder flowability and compressibility are important. A combination of finer and coarser particles ensures a good balance between flowability and tablet strength.

Effervescent Tablets

A fine PSD ensures fast dissolution, while a few coarser particles can help control the reaction speed and prevent excessive foaming during dissolution.

Optimizing PSD is essential for tailoring the release profile and improving the overall performance of tablet formulations. Whether it’s ensuring faster action in immediate-release tablets or providing a controlled release in sustained-release formulations, PSD plays a critical role in achieving the desired outcomes.

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Resource Person: Jamal Jameel